Detailed features of human papilloma virus

At the beginning of the last century, the human papilloma virus was referred to as the appearance of warts.But then it turned out that it could trigger the development of genital cancer in the second representatives of the gender and carcinoma of the throat and rectum.Depending on the various clinical manifestations, doctors successfully distinguish different types of HPV and combine them into a particular system.

That you need to know about human papilloma virus

Increasing the number of people wondered - HPV infection - what is it?This abbreviation marks a common and heterogeneous group of viruses in the structure, which can affect the skin and mucous membranes.This substance infection occurs from a long time.Therefore, warts have been known since the Greeks and Rome, and about the anogenital region condiloma earlier.PCR can also distinguish HPV 18 types of Mummy Maria Aragon (XVI century).And only at the beginning of the XXI century the opportunity to influence the spread of pathogenic agents.

The principle of classification

There are several opinions on the number of HPV types.It has been formally established that the group covers more than 170 strains.They form 5 genera, and about 130 agents are described in detail and studied.But scientists already know almost 600 types in humans.

For the first time, HPV, as a single species was registered in 1971. To date, knowledge of it has been enriched, which serves as a impetus for the creation of classification, reflecting not only the species, but also the genus that is tension.In practice, this is very important, as it helps determine the clinical manifestations and forms of infection.

The type of virus is identified according to the following criteria:

• delivery method;
• target (skin or mucous membrane);
• diseases that develop due to infection;
• Onkogenic degree.

Classification by carcinogenic levels is necessary to avoid the effects of cancer development.

HPV type:

• Low risk-strain 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
• Average risk - type 31, 35, 51;
• High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.

This classification allows you to clearly evaluate risk levels and develop adequate treatment strategies.

The most dangerous tension

It has been proven that HPV can trigger the growth of the dermis and leads to the formation of benign formation on the face, neck, back, stomach, each looks like warts, papilloma, vehicle displacement.But high -oncogenic pathogens in most cases cause oncological development in men and women.The virus is spread especially sexually, and contraceptives of obstacles cannot provide 100% protection against its penetration.

The following strains are considered the most dangerous:

• Condylomatosis (appearance of sharp growth) - 6, 42.
• Small flat formation formed on the vaginal wall and cervical canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
• The cervical carcinoma of the uterus is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous is HPV of the 16th and 13th types.

It's important to know!Even after identifying the type of virus, you cannot panic, because the worst strain for a long time can be in a "sleep" state.Therefore, from infection to cervical cancer formation, decades can pass for decades.

The penetration of the virus into the body

Papillomavirus is considered very contagious, and each type can be transmitted in a certain method.

The main option for penetrating the pathogen into the body of the "victim" is the following:

1. In sex with a virus carrier.The most common method of infection.Dangers are traditional and other versions of relationships.Because the pathogen size is much smaller than the diameter of the condom, the contraceptive cannot provide 100%protection.
2. The type of vertical infection involves the transfer of viruses to the mother to the child in the labor process.Non -market agents can cause the emergence of newborn laryngeal papillomatosis in newborns, which is the formation of growth in the mucous membranes and mouth, and less frequent genitals.
3. The infection of infection trimming contact method is also considered normal.Some strains are different in survivability, so they can maintain their activities in a damp environment.When visiting a sauna, pool, bath, with the joint use of personal hygiene items, the risk of infection increases, especially if there is a microwave that does not apply to the skin.
4. Autoinoculation or diversity can occur with unintentional virus cell transplantation from damaged areas to healthy skin during shavers, hair removal and only non -compliance with hygiene rules.

It's important to know!Agent causing high risk of carcinogenic risk is transmitted especially sexually, and contraceptive obstruction does not guarantee complete protection against infection.This is not only due to the small size of the virus, but also by its localization on the surface of the dermis, not covered with condoms.

Reason -as a result of the development of papillomatosis

Regardless of oncogenic levels, HPV is treacherous, that is, he can live in the human body, without showing himself in any way.Depending on the condition of the immune system, the incubation period can last from 2-3 weeks to several years.Therefore, people who have no external signs do not suspect an infectious agent in their body.

Swift's spread also does not start immediately, but only under favorable conditions, the weakness of the protective mechanism, which occurs in the background of the following factors:

• stress, hard work;
• poor nutrition and monotonous;
• hormone violations;
• Bad habits - smoking tobacco and alcohol abuse;
• frequent abortion, complications after childbirth;
• inflammation and infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
• IPPP, including AIDS, HIV, Herpes;
• chronic illnesses at severity;
• Pregnancy period.

Risk groups are primarily from fairer sex.The probability of infection increases in people of reproductive age 20-45 years, leading active sex life.

Symptoms at different levels

Papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or leaked in latent or subclinical form.The manifestation of the symptoms of the disease changes, due to the type of HPV, the danger.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the absence of signs.

External sign:

• papillomas;
• flat and rough warts;
• Sharp condylomas.

An unseen form during an external examination:

• discosatosis;
• Coilocytosis;
• epithelial displacement.

Groups against the background of papillomavirus appear in such a pathological form:

• Discosatosis with mild epithelial changes;
• Actually displacement;
• cancerous tumors;
• Flat cell carcinoma.

It's important to know!In the case of viral damage to non -abilities, the formation of warts is possible, located in the palm of the hand, foot.In the absence of cosmetic discomfort, indicators for removal do not exist.

In a woman, fever, chills, itching, temperature increases, and vaginal discharge develop during severity.

More about the consequences

The type and severity of HPV infection is determined by pathogenic activity and its type.With high oncogenic risk genotypes, prolonged replication helps increase the number of cellular structures with genome mutations.

Against the background of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of the cervical epithelium, as well as several other pathological processes that occur in the body, the risk of precancerous levels or the development of malignant tumors.

The latter includes the following states.

1. Cervical cancer.The second disease after the cancer of the gland in women.More than 70% of all cases are caused by activities of 16 and 18 HPV types.
2. Vaginal and vulva carcinoma.In the onkopathology structure of the anogenital region, it occupies a major place.Each tenth case is provoked by low tension 6 or 11, and one -third of all diseases caused by viruses 16 and 18.
3. Anal cancer.It is detected primarily in women, but is also registered in homosexual men who practice unconventional relationships, although doctors do not exclude other ways to transmit infections.The cause of onkopathology is HPV 18 and 16 activities.

Of course, this is not a sentence, but related to this data, the need for meticulous gynecological diagnostics and careful cancer.Comprehensive examination allows early to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which with human papillomavirus helps determine how to treat it properly.

Diagnostic procedure

As mentioned, the diagnostic steps play an important role in damage to HPV infection.

Modern examinations are conducted with special care and include several procedures:

1. The main consultation includes visual inspection to identify external signs (warts, papillomas).If growth is found in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient for additional cervical or uretroscopic examination.
2. Papa test or cytological examination by smear according to the Board Method.According to the results divided into the classroom, the doctor determines the risk of the infectious process.Therefore, the first and 2nd stages indicate the normal state of the tissue, 3 -the onset of pathological changes, the 4th and 5 grades characterize the presence of oncogenic cells.
3. Kolposcopy.It is carried out in the case of displaced changes in the cervical tissue.Tests using acetic acid are set to explain papilloma virus activity.Positive results are shown in the form of mosaic patterns on the epithelial surface.
4. Histology.Study of the affected tissue sample is performed if necessary to study the cells and the pathological changes that occur in it.During the procedure, you can identify the structure of the epithelium especially the large size.
5. PCR.The most common and very informative test.Using the polymerase chain reaction, it is possible to do typical, determining oncogenic levels, maximum concentration in the blood.
6. Digene test.Modern innovative research methods allow you to explain existing results and determine the possible formation of oncology education.

In connection with men, the same diagnostic tactics are carried out.After a visual examination, he went to the test.Only according to the results of the examination, experts can evaluate the complexity of clinical cases and prescribe adequate treatment.

Approach to treatment

Today, no medication can destroy the virus infection completely and forever.If the self does not happen, then the most promising is a comprehensive combination approach.HPCH treatment involves papillomas or warts on the background of systemic therapy with medicines, homeopathy, folk methods.There are several options for the destruction of growth.

Radio surgery.With a special knife, the formation is removed, after the freezing is produced and the bandage is used.

Laser.A non -bleeding and painless way.At the removal site, the crust remains where the healing process continues.The downside is the appearance of scars.

Electrocoagulation.This procedure is largely equal to the previous two in terms of effectiveness, cost and effective exposure.

Cryodestruction.Growth processing any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.Prices, blood shortage, scars make this method the most attractive.

Surgical isolation.It is carried out very rarely, only according to the guidance of the possibility of developing oncology.Growth is released with the help of a knife.

Systemic treatment of papillomavirus allows us to strengthen our immunity, reduce the concentration of the DNA of the blood in the blood and prevent the development of malignant processes.

For this purpose, he appointed a pill:

• immunomodulator;
• antiviral agents;
• Cytostatics.

The course treatment period is 10-14 days.If there is a regular sexual partner, it is necessary to persuade him to undergo an examination and start therapy.You also don't have to get rid of your own growth.

Precaution

Because human papillomavirus is easily spread among people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient reviews, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.

Modern medicine as prevention offers special serum.These drugs are produced in the form of suspension, in a disposable syringe, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the risk of infection.Girls and boys aged 9-14, as well as young women under the age of 26, are subject to immunization.Serum is well received by the body.

Vaccination is performed for preventive purposes and cannot act as a drug.

To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple suggestions.

• Be careful to monitor personal hygiene;
• eliminate bad habits;
• strengthening immunity, playing sports;
• The practice of only safe sex, avoid random relationships;
• Be careful about the choice of sexual partner;
• undergoing an examination by a gynecologist, a venereologist.

A serious attitude towards your health will help prevent infection, and in the case of virus penetration - to reduce the likelihood of its spread.

Conclusion

HPV is the most common choice of infection where no one can protect themselves.To prevent the activation of the virus, it is necessary to observe the precautions, and to reduce the risk of oncology to undergo planned examinations and consult with a specialist.